Chicago Referencing Guide

Chicago Referencing Overview

There are two types of Chicago referencing. One style uses footnotes, which are marked in text with a number by the citation and detailed in full at the bottom of the page, and bibliographies, which should include all works directly cited in the piece as well as any sources which have been examined in relation to the subject. This is very similar to Oxford referencing. The other uses in-text citations which are listed in a reference list at the end of the work (like Harvard referencing). Examples of how to render both styles will be given in this guide.

Footnotes should be displayed in text like this:
'Lille and Cranmer¹ purport that this is the best option for modern restaurant-goers.'

Full citation found at the bottom of the page:
1 Jennifer Lille and Elsa Cranmer, Savvy: A Restaurant Guide (Nottingham: Delectable Publications, 2023), 25.

Subsequent citations of the same source can be condensed:
1 Lille and Cranmer, Savvy, 27.

A full citation for this source would also be found in the bibliography. The only difference is that in the bibliography, the author's surname is listed first. These should be displayed alphabetically by author's surname.

In-text citations (Author-Date style):
(Jones and Hughes, 2023, 9)

1. Books

Books with One Author

Footnote style: Last name, first name. Title. Edition (if not first). (City: Publisher, Year).

Davis, Bryan. A History of Chocolate. (Nottingham: Delectable Publications, 2023).

In-text style: Last name, first name. Year. Title. Edition. City: Publisher.

Davis, Bryan. 2023. A History of Chocolate. 3rd ed. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.

Books with Two or Three Authors

Footnote style: Jones, Felicity and Hughes, Sam. Eating Out: A Definitive Restaurant Handbook. (Nottingham: Delectable Publications, 2023).

In-text style: Evans, Drew, McDonald, Fenella and Jackson, Trig. 2024. Getting the Best Service. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.

Books with Four or More Authors

If a book has four or more authors, only the first author's name should be listed in-text followed by 'et al.'. In the reference list/bibliography, you should list all authors. This is the same in both Chicago styles.

Footnote style: James, Patrick, Croft, David, Levin, Susan and Doe, Andrew. How to Succeed in the Restaurant Industry. (Nottingham: Delectable Publications, 2023).

In-text style: James, Patrick, Croft, David, Levin, Susan and Doe, Andrew. 2023. How to Succeed in the Restaurant Industry. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.

Chapter in an Edited Book

Footnote style: King, Sandra. 'The best wines and where to find them' in Fine Wine: A Guide, ed. by Edward Loftus. (Nottingham: Delectable Publications, 2022). pp. 28-46.

In-text style: King, Sandra. 2022. 'The best wines and where to find them'. In: Fine Wine: A Guide, edited by Edward Loftus, 28-46. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.

Multiple Books by the Same Author

Footnote style: Brown, Graham. Mexican Food. (Nottingham: Delectable Publications, 2021).
Brown, Graham. Japanese Food. (Nottingham: Delectable Publications, 2022).
Brown, Graham. Chinese Food. (Nottingham: Delectable Publications, 2023a).
Brown, Graham. Italian Food. (Nottingham: Delectable Publications, 2023b).

In-text style: Brown, Graham. 2021. Mexican Food. Nottingham: Delectable Publications.

2. Articles

Print Journals

Footnote style: Jenkins, Oliver. "Unusual Recipes and Cantonese Cuisine," Culinary Research, Volume 5.8 (2023): 47-59.

In-text style: Jenkins, Oliver. 2023. "Unusual Recipes and Cantonese Cuisine," Culinary Research, Volume 5.8: 47-59.

Journal Articles Accessed Online

Footnote style: Jenkins, Oliver. "Unusual Recipes and Cantonese Cuisine," Culinary Research, Volume 5.8 (2023): 47-59. Accessed 15 March 2024. https://doi.org/10.1234/ojenkinscantonesecuisine.

In-text style: Jenkins, Oliver. 2023. "Unusual Recipes and Cantonese Cuisine," Culinary Research, Volume 5.8: 47-59. Accessed 15 March 2024. https://doi.org/10.1234/ojenkinscantonesecuisine.

3. Online Sources

Websites

Footnote style: HealthTips.com, "Superfoods and where to find them," last updated 11 June 2024. Accessed: 25 March 2024. https://www.healthtipsarticles.com/superfoods.

In-text style: HealthTips.com. 2024. "Superfoods and where to find them," last updated 11 June. Accessed 25 March 2024.

4. Images and Visual Mediums

Films and DVDs

Footnote style: The World's Best Curries, directed by Jackson Hertz. 2023; Nottingham: Foodie Studios. Film.

In-text style: The World's Best Curries. 2023. Directed by Jackson Hertz. Nottingham: Foodie Studios. Film.

YouTube Videos

Footnote style: "Egg custard – simple recipe!". Filmed [June 2023]. YouTube Video, 13.45. Posted by "Yummydishes", June 2023. https://www.youtube.com/yummydisheseggcustard.

In-text style: Yummydishes. "Egg custard – simple recipe!". Filmed [June 2023]. YouTube Video, 13.45. Posted [June 2023].

5. Other Source Types

Dissertations

Footnote style: Neath, G. "An examination of Mexican food in popular culture." Master's thesis. Oxford Brookes University, 2023.

In-text style: Neath, G. 2023. "An examination of Mexican food in popular culture." Master's thesis. Oxford Brookes University.

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